Globalization is … Beginning with the first recorded confrontation between two powers (Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3000 BC), the history of confrontations between ever-larger political units ends by the Cold War with almost the whole globe divided on two blocs. Perhaps it may serve others, Europe for instance – as a vehicle to recover from the colossal corona collapse. By the 1950s long-range strategic bombers with atomic weapons came "home safe and sound" having exceeded the speed of sound. One example is the security cooperation between the United States and the former Soviet Union after the end of the Cold War, which astonished international society. NATO expanded to include seven former members of the dissolved Warsaw Pact and three former Soviet Republics. Another dimension introduced into strategy was space, with orbit becoming a new frontier. Military globalization is defined by David Held as “the process which embodies the growing extensity and intensity of military relations among the political units of the world system. For example, the international trade has been a spreading instrument for many religions; Buddhism in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia on the 1 This paper was published in Education, Research and Innovation. Backing up Globalization with Military Might New World Order Onslaught by Karen Talbot Covert Action Quarterly, Issue 68, Fall 1999. What does MILITARY GLOBALIZATION mean? It hosts the US strategic base (Thule Air Base). Military globalization is the increase of range within which military power can be projected through the progress of military organization and technology and the increasing strategic interrelation first of regional systems and later of the global system. Since then, global organisations such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO), United Nations (UN), and more regional organisations such as the EU have helped to increase the degree of pol… After the Pearl Harbor attack the American policy-makers were convinced once and for all that political isolationism is no longer possible on this globe. In 1957, the Soviets estimated that the United States had 950 military bases on foreign soil. Derek Gregory, “Bombing Encyclopedia of the World,”, "The JCS Single Integrated Operational Plan-1962 (SIOP-62),", Ken Jimbo, "A Japanese Perspective on Missile Defense and Strategic Coordination,", "Command of the Commons: The Military Foundation of US Hegemony,"', Barry R. Posen, "Command of the Commons: The Military Foundation of US Hegemony,"', Learn how and when to remove this template message, Balance of power (international relations), The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives, https://geographicalimaginations.com/2012/08/03/bombing-encyclopedia-of-the-world, https://www.google.co.il/search?q=unified+command+plan+image, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Military_globalization&oldid=721246958, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from October 2015, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from October 2015, Wikipedia articles needing style editing from October 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2016, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. "[23] In the late 1960s, the Soviet Union deployed the Fractional Orbital Bombardment System. Within the next decade, armed with hydrogen device, they exceeded the speed of sound twice. The following year Michael Hirsh commented that a "world they had wished to keep at ocean's length became largely their world."[30]. On one side, globalization promotes the conditions that lead to unrest, inequality, conflict, and, ultimately, war. Globalization & Militarization. Adjusting to its global range, the new authority over Air Force which inherited Strategic Air Command in 2009 was called Global Strike Command. During the Cuban Missile Crisis President Kennedy expressed: “You may say it doesn’t make any difference if you get blown up by an ICBM flying from the Soviet Union or one that was ninety miles away. The Royal Navy could deliver an army many places around the globe, but the army's journey inland was usually difficult and slow; without such a journey, Britain's ability to influence events was limited. Similarly to economic globalization, military globalization involves strategic integration of a system as expressed in network of alliances. http://www.theaudiopedia.com What is MILITARY GLOBALIZATION? The eastern frontier of NATO stretched from Estonia to Bulgaria. Globalization and militarism should be seen as two sides of the same coin. "[27] The two centers on the opposite points of the globe—England and Hawaii—cared that the strikes of the western and eastern fronts do not overlap. Understood as such, it reflects both the expanding network of worldwide military ties and relations, as well as the impact of key military technological innovations (from steamships to satellites), which over time, have reconstituted the world into a single geostrategic space." They all were originally created following their countries’ local traditions and beliefs but as the world got to know them, they are now common traditions in … Another Classic Tacitus described the Roman expedition to the North Sea: the sailors did not “lack daring,” but the Sea blocked them from investigating. Globalization as we know it is 'over' due to COVID-19, says billionaire Razon. When Donald Trump began his term as president in 2016, he established a more confrontational US policy toward China. New Ballistic Missile Defenses "For us, Acheson wrote, there is only one disengagement possible—the final one, the disengagement from life, which is death.”[18], With the advent of long-range bombers and missiles, the American policy-makers realized that not only the Pacific and Atlantic but even the Northern Ocean does not protect. "[1] In the past century the Americans were similarly surprised by the Japanese inroad but this time the sea was the Pacific Ocean. New Ballistic Missile Defenses (BMD) were installed eastward of the Fulda Gap. By John Feffer, October 4, 2005. I want to thank Brig. Not only the Lines of Siegfried and Maginot but even vast oceans ceased to be insurmountable barriers. A greater number of goods can be exchanged and production methods can be improved. [9] A contemporary observer had stated in 1942: "The battle area is planetary in dimension. A nuclear warhead, placed in low orbit, had no range limit and could hit any location on the globe within a “few minutes.”[24] The FOBS opened a fourth frontier between the superpowers—over the South Pole, hitting targets from the south, which is the opposite direction from which NORAD early warning systems are oriented. The Silk Road which was made to encourage trade between China and the countries around the Mediterranean Sea will not only flourish the trade between these countries but at the same time also allow the e… The two fronts represented the longest in history land-front and sea-front respectively. Having "globalized" the Monroe Doctrine, the US lines of national defense coincided at the opposite side of the globe. It can give positive results if people can integrate with other ideologies without losing their cultural identity. Strategic Air bases and radar network (DEW) stretched through Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Iceland. The League of Nations established after WW1 was certainly one of the pioneers in this. For the contrast Posen referred to the level of military globalization during the peak of the British Empire only a century earlier: When Nineteenth-century Britain had command of the sea, its timely power projection capability ended at the maximum range of the Royal Navy's shipboard guns. At this point, the two remaining superpowers faced each other on four fronts, across all four oceans. This ties in with the belief that “umbrella” global organisations are better placed than individual states to prevent conflict. President Franklin Roosevelt acknowledged that hostilities in Europe, Africa, and Asia are parts of a single global war and added: "Our strategy and self-defense [therefore] must be global strategy. Multinational corporations operate on a global scale, with satellite offices and branches in numerous locations. Finn Sollie remarked in the 1970s: "Where Fridtjof Nansen's Fram drifted with the ice in the Arctic Ocean for three years (1893-96), submarines now navigate under the ice..."[22]. "[5] In his Inaugural Address on January 20, 1961, President Kennedy confirmed the fact of the global strategy: "The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe. The Truman Doctrine announced in 1947 represented a global extension of the Monroe Doctrine. But the physical steel plants in the U.S. are now 30% or 40% foreign owned. At this stage the military globalization actually proceeded beyond the globe. AbstractDebates about globalization are a wake-up call for anthropologists to develop new approaches to the study of culture and society. [8] The War was globalized. NATO expanded to include seven former members of the dissolved Warsaw Pact and three former Soviet Republics. There are also other examples of globalization regarding traditions like Black Friday in the US, the Brazilian Carnival or the Indian Holi Festival. Twenty years after Pearl Harbor attack, Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson stated in ‘’Memorandum on Asia’’ to President John F. Kennedy: without maintaining the island outposts of Japan, the Philippines and Taiwan, “the vast Pacific becomes a Red Sea.”[7]. The Panama Canal declined in strategic importance in favor of the Suez Canal and the Malaccan Strait. With all his insight for the future, Herbert Wells underestimated the pace of military globalization: "...Long before the year AD 2000, and very probably before 1950, a successful airplane will have soared and come home safe and sound" (Anticipations 1900: 208). Interdependence among international economies is a great starting point when seeking an understanding of globalization. David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt & Jonathan Perraton. The major justifications for the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq Saddam Hussein s supposed possession of weapons of mass destruction and Iraqi ties to the terrorist al-Qaida network are now widely discredited, and Washington s claims that its efforts are creating a democratic Iraq are also highly dubious. With the Cold War yet in sight, the Joint Chiefs of Staff on October 9, 1945 demanded that "our defensive frontiers be well advanced in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the shores of the Arctic. Meanwhile, Eisenhower was telling the Joint Chiefs of Staff that the proposed B-70 bomber (the forerunner of the later B-1) “left him cold in terms of making military sense.” Cited in, Marc Trachtenberg, “The Influence of Nuclear Weapons in the Cuban Missile Crisis,”, Dean Acheson. This page was last modified on 20 May 2016, at 13:20. Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture. Then in the river valleys appeared first political units visible on the world map. Cultures are also being spread without confining to political boundaries. Following the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, US bases and security commitments were established in Central Asia--"one of the last areas in the globe without them. The second expansion occurred in the Amarna Age (mid-Second millennium BC) with civilizations of the Fertile Crescent merging to form one political system in diplomatic and military contact.The Egyptian Army of the New Kingdom reached the upper Euphrates and was surprised to discover a river flowing southward. The end of the Cold War brought about new surge in the military globalization. As well as offering opportunity it brings with considerable risks linked, for example, to technological change. Imagine a globalized world among equals – a community seeking a common future for mankind. Definition and Examples of Globalization . After a post-cold war decline, global military spending rose in 2000 to $800 billion. This was the culmination of the five-millennia process of the globalization of conflict. "[1] Military globalization implies firmer integration of armed forces around the world into the global military system. For example, a retiree in Spain who can instantly buy and sell stocks in an Australian company. The German-Soviet front stretched for 3000 miles; the Pacific front from the Aleutians through the Solomon Islands to Burma. More recently, Michael Mann has commented: … what is generally called globalization involved the extension of distinct relations of ideological, economic, military, and political power across the world. "[32], The technological progress, Posen comments, changed all that. This international exchange is just one example of globalization, a process that has everything to do with geography. This new form of non-aggressive and non-invasive globalization may make example and evoke reflection. Peter Koenig is an economist and geopolitical analyst. The Eighth century scribe Alcuin was amazed by the Viking invasion from beyond the North Sea because it was not "thought that such an inroad from the sea could be made. The traditional military tactics used to fight a professional army may no longer work. The third and the most significant p… Globalization is not just an economic phenomenon, but a political, cultural, military, and environmental one as well. Cathy Yang and Joel Guinto, ABS-CBN News Updated as of Apr 22 02:33 PM. In this way, culture encompasses the distinctive, affective, spiritual, material and intellectual traits that identify and characterize a society. The U.S. and its NATO underlings undoubtedly will be vastly emboldened by their "success" in ensconcing themselves in Kosovo, Bosnia and the other remnants of Yugoslavia—Croatia, Slovenia and Macedonia. Military globalization is defined by David Held as “the process which embodies the growing extensity and intensity of military relations among the political units of the world system. Arguing that globalization leads to war is an altogether different enterprise. Eventually Polaris submarines, with their crews preferring to know rather than believe, sailed underneath the polar ice. "[11] In 1945 on the Elbe River met soldiers some of whom were from the Pacific Western and Eastern shores. It is the result of a conjunction of forms and expressions characteristic of a given society. Their fusion means that US national defense became global defense. (1999). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_globalization&oldid=999303286, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The globalization of the war system. In this way, culture is the form of expression that individuals have of their own traditions. 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