However, they did not necessarily displace the population genetically; they assimilated into the former peoples' culture, preserving the Hittite language. By the 12th century Europeans had started referring to Anatolia as Turchia. As the name "Asia" broadened its scope to apply to the vaster region east of the Mediterranean, some Greeks in Late Antiquity came to use the name Asia Minor (Μικρὰ Ἀσία, Mikrà Asía), meaning "Lesser Asia", to refer to present-day Anatolia, whereas the administration of the Empire preferred the description Ἀνατολή (Anatolḗ "the East"). [citation needed], In the 10 years following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, the Seljuk Turks from Central Asia migrated over large areas of Anatolia, with particular concentrations around the northwestern rim. Anatolia remained multi-ethnic until the early 20th century (see the rise of nationalism under the Ottoman Empire). In classical antiquity, Anatolia was described by Herodotus and later historians as divided into regions that were diverse in culture, language and religious practices. Anatolia, 225 pages. The north-western coast of Anatolia was inhabited by Greeks of the Achaean/Mycenaean culture from the 20th century BC, related to the Greeks of southeastern Europe and the Aegean. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya. The ancient Anatolian peoples spoke the now-extinct Anatolian languages of the Indo-European language family, which were largely replaced by the Greek language from classical antiquity and during the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods. Hampir 80% penduduk yang tinggal di Anatolia hari ini adalah orang Turki (Turk). It is not to be confused with, The traditional definition of Anatolia within modern Turkey, excluding most of, Post-Hittite Anatolia (12th–6th century BCE), Vazken Khatchig Davidian, "Imagining Ottoman Armenia: Realism and Allegory in Garabed Nichanian's Provincial Wedding in Moush and Late Ottoman Art Criticism", p7 & footnote 34, in, "On the First Thema, called Anatolikón. Organized trade between Anatolia and Mesopotamia started to emerge during the period of the Akkadian Empire, and was continued and intensified during the period of the Old Assyrian Empire, between the 21st and the 18th centuries BCE. Greeks started Western philosophy on the western coast of Anatolia (Pre-Socratic philosophy).[39]. 1991. În limba greacă numele înseamnă "răsăritul soarelui" sau "est". L’Algérie et le Chypre sont membres à part entière de l’Union pour la Méditerranée. The south and west coasts enjoy a typical Mediterranean climate, with mild rainy winters, and warm dry summers. The earliest historical data related to Anatolia appear during the Bronze Age, and continue throughout the Iron Age. In the same time, the Anatolic Theme (Ἀνατολικὸν θέμα / "the Eastern theme") was created, as a province (theme) covering the western and central parts of Turkey's present-day Central Anatolia Region, centered around Iconium, but ruled from the city of Amorium.[19][20]. Watkins 1994; id. There is a diverse number of plant and animal communities. Efesu. Anatolia dihuni penduduk berbagai budaya kerana ia terletak di antara Eropah dan Asia. Adunay 558 ka molupyo. A period of peaceful Hellenization followed, such that the local Anatolian languages had been supplanted by Greek by the 1st century BC. Cuneiform records, dated circa 20th century BCE, found in Anatolia at the Assyrian colony of Kanesh, use an advanced system of trading computations and credit lines.[31][32][33]. [27], Human habitation in Anatolia dates back to the Paleolithic. Anatólía, Anatólíuskaginn (grísku: ανατολή, rísandi sól eða austur) eða Litla-Asía (latínu: Asia Minor) er stór skagi í Suðvestur-Asíu sem í dag samsvarar Asíuhluta Tyrklands.. Margar þjóðir og þjóðflokkar hafa sest að í Anatólíu eða lagt hana undir sig í gegnum tíðina. [62][63] The Anatolian beyliks were successively absorbed into the rising Ottoman Empire during the 15th century. [51] Alexander's conquest opened up the interior of Asia Minor to Greek settlement and influence. Sant'Anatolia di Narco merupakan sebuah komun yang terletak di daerah Umbria, Perugia, Itali. Koordinat: 39°N 32°E / 39°N 32°E / 39; 32. Pala (kuneiform pa-la-a) adalah negara pada Zaman Perunggu di Anatolia Utara. Anatolia (ανατολη e gregach, Anadolu e turkeg) eo anv ar c'hourenez zo e penn kornok Azia, etre ar Mor Du hag ar Mor Kreizdouar. According to archaeologist Lori Khatchadourian, this difference in terminology "primarily result[s] from the shifting political fortunes and cultural trajectories of the region since the nineteenth century. Présentation. Françoise Giroud (journaliste), Cœur de tigre, éd. Dans le sens politique donné … Dissolution. [29] Neolithic Anatolia has been proposed as the homeland of the Indo-European language family, although linguists tend to favour a later origin in the steppes north of the Black Sea. In the following century, the Byzantines managed to reassert their control in western and northern Anatolia. In their widest territorial scope, Anatolian designations were employed during the reign of Roman emperor Constantine I (306-337), who created the Praetorian prefecture of the East, known in Greek as the Eastern (Ανατολής / Anatolian) Prefecture, encompassing all eastern regions of the Late Roman Empire, and spaning from Thrace to Egypt. Satu-satunya orang yang diketahui yang berasal … The Turkmen Beyliks were under the control of the Mongols, at least nominally, through declining Seljuk sultans. The Russian male name Anatoly, the French Anatole and plain Anatol, all stemming from saints Anatolius of Laodicea (d. 283) and Anatolius of Constantinople (d. 458; the first Patriarch of Constantinople), share the same linguistic origin. Flat or gently sloping land is rare and largely confined to the deltas of the Kızıl River, the coastal plains of Çukurova and the valley floors of the Gediz River and the Büyük Menderes River as well as some interior high plains in Anatolia, mainly around Lake Tuz (Salt Lake) and the Konya Basin (Konya Ovasi). [2] To the southeast, it is bounded by the ranges that separate it from the Orontes valley in Syria and the Mesopotamian plain. the Eastern Roman Empire") was understood as another name for the province by the invading Seljuq Turks, who founded a Sultanate of Rûm in 1077. Sebenarnya, memandangkan bahasa kuno Hittit Indo-Eropah dan Luwian, beberapa sarjana telah mencadangkan Anatolia sebagai pusat hipotesis dari mana bahasa Indo-Eropah tersebar. Scholars continue to debate the cause of urban decline in the 6th and 7th centuries variously attributing it to the Plague of Justinian (541), and the 7th century Persian incursion and Arab conquest of the Levant. True lowland is confined to a few narrow coastal strips along the Aegean, Mediterranean, and the Black Sea coasts. Attested for the first time in the Assyrian tablets of Nesa around 2000 BCE, they conquered Hattusa in the 18th century BCE, imposing themselves over Hattian- and Hurrian-speaking populations. Anatolia juga melahirkan ramai tokoh sejarah seperti orang Hittite, Greek, Parsi, Armenia, Rom, Goth, Byzantine dan Turki. [54], In 1255, the Mongols swept through eastern and central Anatolia, and would remain until 1335. The central and eastern plateau, with its drier continental climate, has deciduous forests and forest steppes. Masyarakat kemudiannya mula memanggil keseluruhan benua ini sebagai Asia, lalu bahagian semenanjung (Anatolia… The Assyrians had better success than the Egyptians, annexing much Hittite (and Hurrian) territory in these regions. [16], The English-language name Anatolia derives from the Greek Ἀνατολή (Anatolḗ) meaning "the East", and designating (from a Greek point of view) eastern regions in general. Abkhazians, Albanians, Arabs, Arameans, Armenians, Assyrians, Azerbaijanis, Bosniaks, Circassians, Gagauz, Georgians, Serbs, Greeks, Hemshin, Jews, Laz, Levantines, Pomaks, and a number of other ethnic groups also live in Anatolia in smaller numbers. Affiliation of Hattian language remains unclear, while Hurrian language belongs to a distinctive family of Hurro-Urartian languages. "Language maintenance and language shift in the Mediterranean world during the Roman Empire." [14], The highest mountain in "Eastern Anatolia" (on the Armenian Plateau) is Mount Ararat (5123 m). Western and southern Anatolia, which have a Mediterranean climate, contain Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub ecoregions. The earliest historically attested populations of Anatolia were the Hattians in central Anatolia, and Hurrians further to the east. Clackson, James. Collège Anatolia (en), également appelé collège américain. Thus (land of the) Rûm became another name for Anatolia. Sepanjang sejarah yang ditelusuri, penduduk Anatolia telah bertutur dalam bahasa Indo-Eropah dan Semit, seperti juga banyak bahasa yang tidak pasti. The empire reached its height in the 13th century BC, controlling much of Asia Minor, northwestern Syria, and northwest upper Mesopotamia. Smyrna fell in 1330, and the last Byzantine stronghold in Anatolia, Philadelphia, fell in 1390. [57][58] The Beyliks did not mint coins in the names of their own leaders while they remained under the suzerainty of the Mongol Ilkhanids. The region became famous for exporting raw materials. This page was last edited on 11 January 2021, at 21:09. [citation needed], It was one of the wealthiest and most densely populated places in the Late Roman Empire. [citation needed] The Romans used it as the name of their province, comprising the west of the peninsula plus the nearby Aegean Islands. Large urban centers included Ephesus, Pergamum, Sardis and Aphrodisias. As the Ottoman Empire further shrank in the Balkan regions and then fragmented during the Balkan Wars, much of the non-Christian populations of its former possessions, mainly Balkan Muslims (Bosnian Muslims, Albanians, Turks, Muslim Bulgarians and Greek Muslims such as the Vallahades from Greek Macedonia), were resettled in various parts of Anatolia, mostly in formerly Christian villages throughout Anatolia. Sarin-tanin'ny fanjakana hitita tamin'ny taona 1350-1300 tal. Ao no nahitana toeram-ponenana tranainy indrindra ao Atsinanana Akaiky tamin'ny andron'ny vato vaovao, dia ny ao Çatalhöyük sy Nevalı Çori, izay efa tany amin'ny taonarivo faha-8. Naglangkob kin og 47 ka kilometro kwadrado. A görög szó „napkeletet” jelent. (January 2013) Anatolia (del griegu: anatholé, oriente; en turcu Anadolu, "este" o "alba"), tamién nomada Asia Menor (en griegu medieval y modernu Μικρά Ἀσία 'Mikrá Asía', "la pequeña Asia"; en turcu, Küçük Asya), Asia turca, península d'Anatolia o meseta d'Anatolia, ye una península allugada nel Oriente Mediu, que forma la parte asiática de Turquía. Control of Anatolia was then split between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, with the Byzantine holdings gradually being reduced. "[25], Turkey's First Geography Congress in 1941 created two geographical regions of Turkey to the east of the Gulf of Iskenderun-Black Sea line, the Eastern Anatolia Region and the Southeastern Anatolia Region,[26] the former largely corresponding to the western part of the Armenian Highlands, the latter to the northern part of the Mesopotamian plain. Following the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, most remaining ethnic Anatolian Greeks were forced out during the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. Following the Russo-Persian Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828) and the incorporation of Eastern Armenia into the Russian Empire, another migration involved the large Armenian population of Anatolia, which recorded significant migration rates from Western Armenia (Eastern Anatolia) toward the Russian Empire, especially toward its newly established Armenian provinces. Anatolia juga melahirkan ramai tokoh sejarah seperti orang Hittite, Greek, Parsi, Armenia, Rom, Goth, Byzantine dan Turki. [36], After 1180 BC, during the Late Bronze Age collapse, the Hittite empire disintegrated into several independent Syro-Hittite states, subsequent to losing much territory to the Middle Assyrian Empire and being finally overrun by the Phrygians, another Indo-European people who are believed to have migrated from the Balkans. The Hittites originated from local ancient cultures that grew in Anatolia, in addition to the arrival of Indo-European languages. For the next 600 years, while Imperial possessions in Europe were subjected to barbarian invasions, Anatolia would be the center of the Hellenic world. Munisipyo ang Sant'Anatolia di Narco (Initalyano: Comune di Sant'Anatolia di Narco) sa Italya. In the Late Bronze Age, Hittite New Kingdom (c. 1650 BC) was founded, becoming an empire in the 14th century BC after the conquest of Kizzuwatna in the south-east and the defeat of the Assuwa league in western Anatolia. Arameans encroached over the borders of south-central Anatolia in the century or so after the fall of the Hittite empire, and some of the Syro-Hittite states in this region became an amalgam of Hittites and Arameans. In 133 BC the last Attalid king bequeathed his kingdom to the Roman Republic, and western and central Anatolia came under Roman control, but Hellenistic culture remained predominant. Anatolia's terrain is structurally complex. This traditional geographical definition is used, for example, in the latest edition of Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. L'Anatulia (o Anatolia) (in turcu Anadolu dirivendu da u grecu: ἀνατολή: sorghja di u soli), dinuminata da i Rumani è da i Grechi Asia Minori, hè una rigioni giugrafica di l'Asia sud uccidintali: si tratta di una grandi penisula, di forma à l'incirca rittangulari, cumpresa in l'oghjinca Turchia. Ol formacas la majoritato de la teritorio di la moderna Turkia. [34] Much of the history of the Hittite Empire concerned war with the rival empires of Egypt, Assyria and the Mitanni. Traditionally, Anatolia is considered to extend in the east to an indefinite line running from the Gulf of Alexandretta to the Black Sea,[11] coterminous with the Anatolian Plateau. Giórgos Foúndas, acteur. The Latinized form "Anatolia", with its -ia ending, is probably a Medieval Latin innovation. However, various non-Turkic languages continue to be spoken by minorities in Anatolia today, including Kurdish, Neo-Aramaic, Armenian, Arabic, Laz, Georgian and Greek. Over several centuries, numerous Ancient Greek city-states were established on the coasts of Anatolia. La texto esas disponebla sub la Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; suplementala reguli forsan aplikesas. Gaur egun, Turkiako asiar aldea da. These became known as Syro-Hittite states. By the Peace of Antalcidas (387 BC), which ended the Corinthian War, Persia regained control over Ionia.[49][50]. [12][13] Vazken Davidian terms the expanded use of "Anatolia" to apply to territory formerly referred to as Armenia an "ahistorical imposition", and notes that a growing body of literature is uncomfortable with referring to the Ottoman East as "Eastern Anatolia". They assimilated into the former peoples ' culture, preserving the Hittite language stew. Included Phrygian and Mysian coasts enjoy a typical Mediterranean climate, has deciduous forests and forest steppes as Turchia of! 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